What Does Probiotics Do?



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Probiotics are a type of active microorganisms that are beneficial to the host. They are widely present in the human intestine and reproductive system and can colonize in the human intestine and reproductive system. They mainly regulate the microecological balance of the human intestine, respiratory tract, urogenital tract and other parts, enhance immunity, promote nutrient absorption and inhibit the excessive proliferation of harmful bacteria, thereby maintaining the body's health. They usually exist in the form of live bacteria or their metabolites, must have the ability to tolerate gastric acid and bile, and can colonize or be active in the host in the short term.

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The human intestine is the main "habitat" of probiotics. Under normal circumstances, beneficial bacteria, neutral bacteria and harmful bacteria in the intestine restrict and depend on each other, and together form a complex microecological system. When this balance is broken, such as due to irregular diet, taking antibiotics, illness and other reasons, it may cause various health problems, and supplementing with probiotics can help restore the balance of intestinal microecology.
What are the health benefits of probiotics?

Promoting digestion and absorption: Probiotics have a synthetic effect. They can synthesize digestive enzymes in the intestines and participate in the digestion of nutrients in the intestines, which helps the absorption of nutrients in the intestines.

Maintaining the balance of the flora: It can play a role by balancing the level of microorganisms in the intestines. For example, it can reduce the number of harmful bacteria, maintain the intestinal flora back to a balanced state, and help the intestines recover health.

Improving the body's immunity: The structure of probiotics itself contains components such as peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid. In terms of physiological function, it can act as an antigen to directly stimulate the immune system, thereby improving the system's immunity, and can enhance the activity of the body's inherent immune cells and natural killer cells to protect the body's health.

Promoting nutrient absorption: Probiotics can decompose complex substances, produce digestive enzymes and vitamins, help the human body absorb nutrients, and especially relieve symptoms such as abdominal distension and abdominal pain for people with lactose intolerance.

Lower cholesterol: Through assimilation, inhibition of cholesterol synthase activity, and the action of bile salt hydrolase, cholesterol and hydrolyzed bile salts are co-precipitated, reducing the body's absorption of cholesterol and promoting cholesterol excretion from the feces, thereby reducing blood cholesterol levels and helping to prevent cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.

Regulate blood pressure: The metabolites produced by some probiotics may have the effect of regulating blood pressure, helping to maintain blood pressure stability and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension.

Relieve lactose intolerance: Lactobacillus and other bacteria have galactosidase activity, which can decompose lactose, reduce lactose concentration, and produce lactic acid, which is beneficial for lactose intolerant people to digest and absorb milk and other dairy products, and relieve symptoms such as diarrhea and bloating caused by lactose intolerance.

Improve skin condition: Intestinal health is closely related to skin health. Probiotics can change the intestinal environment, repair damaged intestinal mucosa, prevent toxins from entering the blood, reduce the damage of toxins to the skin, and help improve problems such as rough skin, dull skin, and acne, making the skin smoother and brighter.

Relieve stress and anxiety: By regulating the activity of intestinal neurons, affecting the gut-brain axis, and promoting the synthesis and secretion of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine in the body, it helps to improve emotional state, relieve negative emotions such as stress, anxiety and depression, and improve sleep quality.
How do probiotics promote intestinal health?

Regulate the balance of intestinal flora

Competitive inhibition: Probiotics compete with harmful bacteria for attachment sites and nutrients on the intestinal mucosa. For example, probiotics such as lactobacilli can occupy the intestinal mucosa first, making it difficult for harmful bacteria to attach and obtain nutrients, thereby inhibiting the growth and reproduction of harmful bacteria.

Producing antibacterial substances: Many probiotics can produce antibacterial substances such as bacteriocins, lactic acid, acetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide. For example, lactic acid and acetic acid produced by lactic acid bacteria can lower the pH value of the intestine, create an acidic environment, and inhibit the growth or even death of acid-intolerant harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Enhance intestinal barrier function

Promote mucin secretion: Probiotics can stimulate intestinal epithelial cells to secrete mucin, increase the thickness and viscosity of the intestinal mucosal layer, form a stronger physical barrier, and prevent the invasion of harmful substances and pathogens.

Regulate tight junction proteins: Probiotics can stimulate the expression of tight junction proteins, enhance the connection between intestinal epithelial cells, reduce the permeability of the intestinal wall, prevent toxins and bacteria in the intestine from shifting into the blood circulation and causing systemic inflammation.

Promote the absorption of nutrients

Produce digestive enzymes: Some probiotic strains can produce a variety of digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract, such as amylase, protease, lipase, etc., to help the human body digest food better and improve the absorption efficiency of nutrients.

Decompose lactose: For people with lactose intolerance, probiotics can secrete Lactase to break down lactose into glucose and galactose, thereby alleviating symptoms such as bloating and diarrhea caused by lactose intolerance.

Generate short-chain fatty acids: Probiotics such as Bifidobacterium can decompose dietary fiber to generate short-chain fatty acids, provide energy for intestinal cells, promote the growth and repair of intestinal cells, and also help the absorption of minerals such as calcium and magnesium.

Relieve intestinal inflammation

Regulate inflammatory signaling pathways: Probiotics can regulate the NF-κB signaling pathway, reduce the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α, and thus reduce intestinal inflammatory responses. For example, Lactobacillus rhamnosus can reduce abdominal pain and bloating symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Regulate immune balance: Probiotics can activate intestinal-associated lymphoid tissue, promote the production of secretory IgA antibodies, and regulate Th1/Th2 immune balance, reduce the risk of allergic reactions, and reduce the occurrence of intestinal inflammation.

Regulate intestinal peristalsis

Promote intestinal peristalsis: Probiotics can stimulate intestinal nerves, promote intestinal peristalsis, make food move more smoothly in the intestine, and help prevent and improve constipation.

Regulate intestinal function: Probiotics can regulate the secretion and absorption function of the intestine, maintain the normal physiological rhythm of the intestine, and have a certain improvement effect on intestinal dysfunction problems such as diarrhea and constipation.

What are the uses of probiotics?

Food

Dairy products: such as yogurt and cheese, probiotics can convert lactose in milk into lactic acid, produce unique flavor and texture, increase nutritional value and promote intestinal health.

Fermented vegetables: such as kimchi and sauerkraut, fermented by probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria, give them unique sourness and flavor, which helps maintain intestinal health and promote digestion and nutrient absorption.

Functional foods: including probiotic candies, chocolates, biscuits, etc., combining probiotics with food, not only meets consumers' demand for delicious snacks, but also provides the health benefits of probiotics.

Other foods: such as probiotic cereal products, condiments, etc., enhance their nutritional value and health benefits, and also have a unique taste and flavor.

Health products

Regulate intestinal flora: help maintain the balance of intestinal microecology, improve intestinal function, and relieve constipation, diarrhea and other problems.

Enhance immunity: stimulate the immune system, improve the body's resistance, and help the human body better resist diseases.

Other effects: Depending on the strain and formula, it may also have the effects of lowering cholesterol, preventing hypertension, and improving postprandial hyperglycemia.

Medicine

Treatment of intestinal diseases: such as diarrhea, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, etc., by regulating intestinal flora, inhibiting the growth of pathogens, and relieving symptoms.

Assisted treatment of other diseases: In the treatment of some diseases, probiotics can be used as an auxiliary treatment method, such as Clostridium difficile infection, Helicobacter pylori infection, etc.

Vaginal health: It can be used to treat and prevent gynecological diseases such as vaginitis and regulate the balance of vaginal microecology.

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